The upregulated phosphorylation of IRS-1 (S307), down-regulated phosphorylation of PI3Kp85α, Akt, and FoxO1a were significantly reversed by LWDH Pills (3.6 g kg<sup>-1</sup>·day<sup>-1</sup>) in PCOS-IR rats with up-regulated mRNA levels of FSHR and Cyp19a1 in ovary.
The upregulated phosphorylation of IRS-1 (S307), down-regulated phosphorylation of PI3Kp85α, Akt, and FoxO1a were significantly reversed by LWDH Pills (3.6 g kg<sup>-1</sup>·day<sup>-1</sup>) in PCOS-IR rats with up-regulated mRNA levels of FSHR and Cyp19a1 in ovary.
In conclusion, MALAT1 reduction was identified in GCs, which may contribute to the pathophysiological processes of PCOS by regulating TGFβ signaling through sponging miR-125b and miR-203a.
The association of INSR (INSulin Receptor gene) variants (rs2059807 and rs1799817) with PCOS was established through genome-wide association studies, yet requires validation for the Indian population.
In conclusion, berberine has the potential to reduce PCOS pathology and IR values in a rat model system through a mechanism linked to GLUT4 upregulation via PI3K/AKT activation and MAPK pathway suppression.
In PCOS, the increased GnRH release led to a high level of LH pulsatility, impairing the preferential release of FSH and follicular maturation, thus leading to polycystic ovaries.Red: increased; Blue: decreased.
Recently, it has been shown that PCOS patients with extremely high anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) level are more likely to experience OHSS during IVF, compared to PCOS patients with lower AMH level.
Among women with PCOS, AMH inversely related to BMI (p<0.001), and also to WC (p<0.001), fasting insulin (p<0.01), HOMA-IR (p<0.01), triglycerides (p=0.04) and CRP (p<0.001) and directly related to higher total (p=0.02), LDL (p<0.01), and HDL cholesterol (p<0.01).
Treatment with SPIOMET, a low-dose combination of spironolactone (to antagonize androgen and mineralocorticoid effects, and to activate BAT thereby raising energy expenditure), pioglitazone (to raise circulating HMW adiponectin concentrations) and metformin, is an alternative approach that holds the potential to revert the PCOS phenotype.
LncRNA HOTAIR up-regulates the expression of IGF1 and aggravates the endocrine disorders and granulosa cell apoptosis through competitive binding to miR-130a in rat models of PCOS.
Using synbiotics and probiotics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome improve hormonal (FAI, SHBG) and inflammatory (NO, MDA) indices in these patients.
RT-PCR findings indicated that selenium supplementation downregulated gene expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1) (P < 0.004) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (P = 0.02) in lymphocytes of patients with PCOS compared with the placebo.
RT-PCR findings indicated that selenium supplementation downregulated gene expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1) (P < 0.004) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (P = 0.02) in lymphocytes of patients with PCOS compared with the placebo.
In addition, selenium supplementation upregulated gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (P = 0.001) in lymphocytes of patients with PCOS compared with the placebo.
The results of this study showed that expression of nesfatin-1 and adipoR1 genes and adiponectin serum levels decreased in the PCOS rats, but aromatase expression and oestradiol level increased.
The transcription level(s) of gonadotropin receptors (Fshr and Lhr), steroid receptors (Pgr, and Esr1) and steroidogenic enzymes (Cyp19a1, Hsd3b1, Hsd17a1, and Cyp11a1) changed under the PCOS condition, and were regulated by MHT treatment in the ovaries of PCOS rats.
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) in response to transforming growth factor β2 (TGFβ2) has been considered an obligatory mechanism for PCO.
The transcription level(s) of gonadotropin receptors (Fshr and Lhr), steroid receptors (Pgr, and Esr1) and steroidogenic enzymes (Cyp19a1, Hsd3b1, Hsd17a1, and Cyp11a1) changed under the PCOS condition, and were regulated by MHT treatment in the ovaries of PCOS rats.